How has F1 penalised pushing off track? Penalties, warnings and more

Drivers and fans alike have been asking for more consistency in stewarding decisions in the wake of the Max Verstappen vs Lewis Hamilton battle in Brazil, but how have the FIA typically penalised drivers for off-track excursions?
Max Verstappen v Lewis Hamilton, Brazil 2021 – no investigation
While some incidents are controversial for the penalties handed out, there are times when debate …Keep reading